Medical device

ABSTRACT

The invention relates to an injector device for delivery of liquid from a high pressure source, and also to a method of performing such an injection. The device comprises a storage chamber  6 , for the liquid or the liquid precursor components, comprising a storage barrel  16  with at least a section of substantially constant cross-section, defining a storage chamber axis, and a pressure chamber  4  comprising a pressure barrel  10  of substantially constant cross-section, defining a pressure chamber axis, for accommodation of at least one piston therein and having a front end opening  14  for ejection of the liquid. The pressure chamber being of sufficient strength to sustain the liquid pressure. The chambers are separate parts and adapted to cooperate with each other during injection so that the pressure chamber axis and the storage chamber axis substantially coincide, and that the pressure barrel and storage barrel have internal diameters sufficiently similar to allow passage of a resilient piston from the storage barrel to the pressure barrel in a sealing manner. The liquid is transferred from the storage chamber directly into the delivery chamber when the jet injection is to be performed.

The present application is a continuation of application Ser. No.09/862,563 filed May 22, 2001, now U.S. Pat. No. 6,740,062, which claimspriority under 35 U.S.C. § 119 of U.S. application Ser. No. 60/209,049filed Jun. 2, 2000.

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

The present invention relates to an injector device, a pressure chamberand a method to perform the injection, according to the preambles of theindependent claims.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

The principles of the present invention can be used in connection withany injector requiring high level pressurization of the fluid to beinjected. High pressures may be needed for expelling high viscosityproduct, such as products in oil, gelled, paste, amorphous or suspensionform, e.g. for dental purposes or to form slow release deposits in thebody. Another major injector type requiring high pressure is jetinjectors for needle-less skin penetration of a pressurized liquid to befurther discussed below. Although for convenience the invention will bedescribed in terms of such jet injection, the invention shall not beregarded as restricted thereto but shall be understood to embrace otherhigh pressure applications as well.

Jet injection apparatuses for hypodermic jet injection of medicalliquids through the skin surface or the mucous membrane of either humansor animals under sufficiently high pressure to force the liquids to apredetermined depth within the tissue beneath the skin surface are knownin the art since many years.

A multi-shot injector instrument employing the jet injection principleis known from U.S. Pat. No. 2,821,981. In this known instrument thefluid to be injected is charged into a distal pressure chamber, anampoule, from a proximal fluid medicine chamber, e.g. in the form of aconventional syringe. One mechanism is used to transfer the fluid fromthe fluid chamber into the pressure chamber and another mechanism isthen used to perform the injection. Non return valves are provided inthe transfer bore to ensure that no back flow occurs. The mechanicallyrather complicated structure of the injector instrument makes it ratherexpensive to manufacture. Another drawback with this type of complicatedmechanical instruments is the difficulty to assemble the device in asterile environment. It is sometimes today a demand to make partsnon-reusable (disposable) that might be contaminated during injection.This demand is very difficult to fulfill for a device of the typedisclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 2,821,981, or generally for mechanicallycomplicated devices of this kind, due to the large number of differentparts making up the device.

U.S. Pat. No. 3,138,257 discloses an injector device similar to the oneof U.S. Pat. No. 2,821,981.

U.S. Pat. No. 4,447,225 discloses a multi-dose jet injector adapted toreceive a medicament bottle or vial from which the medicament liquid istransferred into a transfer chamber. The medicament is then pumpedthrough a one-way valve via a cannula to a medicament delivery chamber.The medicament is then ready for jet injection delivery, which isperformed by imparting an ejecting force on the medicament liquid andthus expelling it through an orifice of the jet injector. One drawbackwith the jet injector disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 4,447,225 is that it isstructurally complicated, e.g. the two step transfer of the medicamentliquid prior injection, and thus expensive to manufacture.

WO-92/01485 discloses a two-compartment syringe with a barrel, made e.g.from plastic, comprising a distal and a proximal section. An insert madefrom a material, e.g. glass, which is compatible with the solvent, orliquid medicament, is inserted, into the proximal section of the barrel.The solvent is transferred into the distal section, where the liquidsolves a lyophilized powder, via a by-pass arrangement and the syringeis then ready to be used for an ordinary hypodermic needle injection. Itshould be observed that the syringe disclosed in WO-92/01485 is intendedfor traditional needle injection, i.e. there is no indications at allthat the distal section could resist a higher pressure needed for highpressure injections, e.g. having front sealings and arrangements unableto sustain high pressures. The design is purely adapted for alyophilisation step to take place in the front compartment.

U.S. Pat. No. 2,591,046 discloses a hypodermic syringe assembly with twochambers separated by a by-pass section. The liquid medicine istransferred into a distal chamber via the by-pass section. There are noseparate chambers able to provide different properties, e.g. resistanceagainst high pressures.

Liquid medicaments intended for injection are ordinarily stored in glasscontainers prior loaded into a syringe for injection. A rubber seal thenseals the glass container. Thus, the liquid medicament is only in directcontact with glass and rubber. The major reason for not using plasticmaterials as material for medical storage containers is that the plasticmaterial does not provide an entirely closed sealing with regard tooxygen moving into or components out from the container. Also componentsfrom the manufacture might be deposed in the plastic material that canaffect liquid stored in the container. Another reason is that plasticmaterial may give off trace amounts of components that are unacceptablein injectable preparations. The above mentioned drawbacks regardingplastic material used for medical storage containers are valid only whenusing plastic containers for normal medical storage times, e.g. up to 2years. When using plastic materials in e.g. syringes etc. where theliquid medicine only contacts the plastic material when the injection isto be performed the above mention drawbacks can not be identified.

In jet injectors using glass containers, the class container must resistthe high pressure used to expel the liquid from the container. The glasscontainer is then preferably manufactured from hardened glass, whichrenders it expensive. On the contrary, plastic materials can easilyprovide the necessary properties for a pressure chamber, such asstrength and resilience with low shattering risks. Glass materials forstorage chambers and plastic materials for pressure chambers are alsosuitable for disposable single-use components.

The object of the present invention is to achieve an easy to useinjector device that is less expensive to manufacture than those knownfrom the prior art. Another object of the present invention is toachieve a device not having the above-mentioned drawbacks regarding thesterile handling of parts of the device. A further object is to offer aninjector device suitable to be pre-filled with medical and allowingstorage over extended periods of time before injection and wherein allsurfaces of the device and its parts being or coming into contact withthe medical can be kept sterile during manufacture, storage and use.Still another object of the present invention is to achieve a deviceprovided with sterile parts that inherently cannot be reused in order toprevent unauthorized sterilization and reselling of already used devicesthat might be dangerous to patients.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The above-mentioned object is achieved by an injector device, a pressurechamber and a method of performing the injection, according to thecharacterizing portions of the independent claims. Preferred embodimentsare set forth in the dependent claims. An easy to use injector device isthus achieved having few movable parts and being easy to manufacture.The injector can be used for any high pressure injector application, canbe pre-filled with medical and stored without deterioration of themedical and can be manufactured, stored and used under sterileconditions. The device is also suitable for use as a disposable.

SHORT DESCRIPTION OF THE APPENDED DRAWINGS

FIGS. 1A–1E show a schematic illustration of the injection procedureperformed by the injector device according to the invention.

FIG. 2 shows a cross-sectional view along the line A—A in FIG. 3.

FIG. 3 shows a schematic illustration of a pressure chamber according tothe invention.

FIGS. 4A–4D show a schematic illustration of the injection procedureperformed by the injector device according to a second preferredembodiment of the invention.

FIG. 5 shows a schematic illustration of the pressure chamber accordingto an alternative embodiment of the invention.

FIGS. 6A–6B show a schematic illustration of an alternative embodimentin which an assembly of pressure chamber and storage chamber is movablyarranged with respect to a housing part containing an injectionmechanism.

FIGS. 7A and 7B illustrate schematically a plunger arrangementmodification for the purpose of reducing the total elasticity in thesystem.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS OF THE INVENTION

With references to the accompanying drawings the invention will know bedescribed in greater detail. FIGS. 1A–1E shows a schematic illustrationof the injection procedure performed by the injector device according tothe invention. The injector device comprises a housing 2 where apressure chamber 4, a storage chamber 6 and a pressurizing mechanism 8are arranged.

The pressure chamber, separately shown in FIG. 3, comprises a pressurebarrel 10 of substantially constant cross-section, defining a pressurechamber axis 12, for accommodation of at least one piston therein andhaving a front end opening 14 for ejection of the liquid. The pressurechamber being of sufficient strength to sustain the liquid pressureduring the injection procedure. The pressure barrel is provided with anopen rear end 26 (in FIG. 3). The pressure chamber is sterilized priorto assembly and is empty or filled with air or a gas. It is preferablydisposable but might also be reusable.

The inner diameter of the front-end opening is 0,1–0,6 mm, preferably inthe order of 0,15 mm. As said, the opening may be adapted either forneedle-free jet injection, as schematically illustrated in the Figures,or needle injection, in which case the front opening may have anattachment or connector for a needle. As also known per se a shortneedle in the range of about 1 to 3 mm can be used to penetrate theoutermost part of the skin and thereby reduce the jet speed necessary toreach target depth in the tissue.

The storage chamber 6, for storing the liquid or the liquid precursorcomponents, comprises a storage barrel 16 with at least a section ofsubstantially constant cross-section, defining a storage chamber axis18, for accommodation of at least one piston 20, 22 therein. A by-passsection is optionally arranged therein (not shown in the figure). Thestorage barrel is provided with an open front end and preferably an openrear end. Most preferably the storage chamber has a substantiallyconstant cross-section from front end to rear end to give the generallycylindrical shape shown. The inner cross-section area of the storagebarrel should be adapted to the inner cross-section area of the pressurebarrel so as to allow passage of a sealing piston from the storagebarrel to the pressure barrel, e.g. by the storage barrel being smallerand preferably equal to the pressure barrel and preferably thecross-section areas and shapes are substantially similar. A frontsealing piston (22) is arranged in the open front end and another rearsealing piston (20) is arranged in the rear end of the storage barrel.

A liquid connection 24 is arranged between the pressure chamber and thestorage chamber allowing transfer of the liquid from the storage chamberto the pressure chamber. In the figure the liquid connection is aconventional by-pass section in the pressure chamber. FIG. 2 shows across-sectional view along the line A—A in FIG. 3 (that schematicallyshows the pressure chamber) illustrating a preferred embodiment of theby-pass section.

The illustrated by-pass section comprises one or many traces, by-passchannels, on the inner surface of the by-pass section of the pressurechamber. The by-pass channels can be parallel to the longitudinaldirection of the delivery chamber, e.g. as described in U.S. Pat. No.5,501,673. They could also being arranged in an angle to thelongitudinal direction, e.g. as described in U.S. Pat. No. 5,716,338.The number of channels is chosen in dependence of the amount of liquidto be transferred, preferably in the order of 1–15. The by-pass sectionmay be arranged in many different ways. It may be arranged at the innersurface of the pressure chamber as illustrated in the figures. It mayalso be arranged at the inner surface of the upper part of the storagechamber giving an equivalent by-pass function. Many further differentways to arrange the by-pass section are known from the prior art.

It is important that not too many channels are arranged due to thevolume of liquid that remains in the channels when the liquid istransferred. It is also suitable to reduce the dead volume held betweenany circumferential ridges on the pistons by keeping the differencesmall between the diameter through the ridges and through the main bodyof the piston respectively.

According to an alternative embodiment is the shape of the inner surfaceof the by pass section such that the piston is deformed when passing thesection and thereby allows liquid to pass from the storage chamber intothe pressure chamber e.g. as described in U.S. Pat. No. 5,472,422 andU.S. Pat. No. 5,817,055.

The storage chamber is separate from the pressure chamber and preferablymade from different material. According to a preferred embodiment is thestorage chamber made from glass, e.g. Type I glass, and the pressurechamber made from plastic, e.g. polycarbonate. The chambers areassembled together by inserting the storage chamber into the pressurechamber. A sealing 30, preferably an O-ring, is arranged between thechambers in order to achieve a fluid-tight connection to the pressurebarrel to avoid backflow and to maintain sterility. Also the frontopening can have a temporary seal to maintain the pressure chambersealed and sterile, e.g. a seal in the form of a closure or a rupturableor removable membrane. Assembling the chambers is performed in a sterileenvironment, e.g. as an additional step on the production line where thestorage chamber is filled with liquid medicine. When assembled, thepressure chamber axis and the storage chamber axis substantiallycoincide.

The assembly is then arranged in the housing 2 provided with themechanism 8 when the injection is to be given. This does not have to bemade in a sterile environment. The assembly of the pressure chamber andthe storage chamber is preferably disposed after use but the housing andthe pressurizing mechanism might be used many times.

The pressure barrel and storage barrel have internal diameterssufficiently similar to allow passage of a resilient piston from thestorage barrel to the pressure barrel in a sealing manner, except whenin the optional by-pass or the liquid connection section. Thepressurizing mechanism arranged to apply force (indicated by an arrow inthe figures), directly or indirectly, on the piston, via plunger 28,when in the pressure barrel to create said liquid pressure necessary forinjection. The mechanism is only schematically indicated in the figuresand may be e.g. spring loaded as disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 4,447,225.According to another principle is the injecting force generated by gasunder pressure. These two principles are well known in the art. Thepressure inside the pressure chamber during injection is in the order of4000 psi (Pounds per square inch).

The pistons of the storage chamber are used, not only to seal thestorage chamber, but also when transferring the liquid into the pressurechamber.

The different steps performed during an injection procedure will now bedescribed with references to FIGS. 1A–1E.

The different steps performed is basically a three step procedurecomprising a transfer step where the liquid is transferred from thestorage chamber into the pressure chamber, a step for removing air fromthe pressure chamber and an injection step. The liquid transfer and thede-aeration steps are preferably performed fairly slowly and under lowpressure, not to induce glass breakage, plunger overshooting in theby-pass, liquid foaming or liquid spraying through the opening. Only theinjection step has to be performed under high pressure. The simpledesign of the device according to the invention allows all steps to beperformed by a forward movement of the support 28, as illustrated in theFigures, although the speed and force requirements may vary. As will befurther commented on below, it is also possible to use differentmechanisms for the different steps, each adapted for its purpose.

During the transfer step the rear piston of the storage chamber isforced by the pressurizing mechanism in an upward direction (FIG. 1A).Due to the pressure from the rear piston 20 the liquid forces the frontpiston 22 into the by-pass section where liquid by-pass the front piston22 into the pressure chamber (FIG. 1B). This first step is ended whenall liquid is transferred into the pressure chamber, i.e. the pistons20,22 are in close contact to each other. The surfaces of the pistonsfacing each other preferably have such a shape that when they are incontact with each other no liquid remains between the pistons. Theypreferably have flat surfaces engaging each in order not to be resilientwhen under pressure. This can be obtained by designing the surfaces withslightly convex shape under unstressed conditions, to become flat underradial compression, as described in U.S. Pat. No. 5,743,890.

The pressure on the rear piston, during the transfer step, isillustrated in the figure as a force generated by the pressurizingmechanism. This illustrates only the relative pressure/movement betweenthe plunger 28 and the piston. According to another and preferredembodiment is the pressure during the transfer step achieved by insteadmoving the pressure chamber and storage chamber assembly on one hand andthe plunger 28 and mechanism 8 assembly on the other hand relativelytowards each other, under which operation the plunger 28 and mechanism 8preferably are kept mutually stationary. This can be done by arrangingthe respective assemblies in different housing parts, which parts aremovable in relation to each otherplunger e.g. by a relative rotatescrewing movement of the two parts of the housing, e.g. as described inU.S. Pat. No. 4,968,299, which will secure a calm and cautious liquidtransfer. The liquid is forced into the pressure chamber from thestorage chamber and no non-return valves are needed. Preferably alsode-aeration is performed during such a relative movement between theparts. This arrangement also has the advantage of reducing therequirements on the mechanism 8, which can now be designed only for theinjection step, e.g. by comprising a strong gas spring or mechanicalspring and a trigger mechanism for its release. Such mechanisms are wellknown in the jet injection art as exemplified by the prior art cited.

During the air removing step both pistons are forced into the by-passsection and further into the pressure chamber (FIG. 1C). How far thepistons are inserted into the pressure chamber is dependent of thevolume of liquid transferred into the chamber. It is important thatthere is no air in the pressure chamber when the injection is performed.The pistons provide a tight sealing of the pressure chamber. FIG. 1Dillustrates the situation when the air removing step is concluded i.e.no air is left in the pressure chamber. Moving the pistons during thisstep may either be performed by moving the housing or a part of thehousing against the plunger 28, i.e. in the same way as in the transferstep, or by activating the mechanism 8.

Both during the transfer step and during the air removing step thedevice is preferably held in a somewhat upright position, i.e. the frontend opening of the pressure chamber above horizontal, aslant orsubstantially facing upwards, in order to prevent the liquid to pourout.

The injector device is now ready for injection (FIG. 1D). Thepressurizing mechanism 8 engaging the pistons via plunger 28 isactivated and a necessary force is applied on the pistons in order topropel a liquid jet 30 from the front end opening 14 of the pressurechamber (FIG. 1E). The upper end of the pressure chamber is held intight connection against the skin of a patient when the injection isperformed.

The distal part of the front piston 22 is preferably adapted to fill outthe pressure chamber front end when the plunger reaches that end. Thisis important in order to expel as much liquid as possible from thepressure chamber during the injection.

According to an alternative embodiment is the storage chamber divided,by a third piston and provided with a by-pass section, into two separatecompartments whereas the proximal compartment comprises a liquid, e.g.water, and the distal compartment comprises a solid component, e.g. alyophilized powder. The liquid is forced into the distal compartment viathe by-pass section where a liquid solves the solid component. This is awell-known procedure in the art of two compartment syringes. The thusmixed liquid located in the distal compartment is then transferred intothe pressure chamber in exactly the same manner as described above.

FIGS. 4A–4D shows a schematic illustration of the injection procedureperformed by the injector device according to the alternative embodimentof the invention.

In FIGS. 4A–4D only the pressure chamber 4 and the storage chamber 6 andthe pistons and sealing within these chambers are illustrated. Thepressure and storage chamber assembly is of course arranged within ahousing having all necessary features to perform an injection inaccordance with the embodiments disclosed above.

The pressure chamber 4 comprises a pressure barrel 10 of substantiallyconstant cross-section for accommodation of at least one piston thereinand having a front end opening 14 for ejection of the liquid. Thepressure chamber being of sufficient strength to sustain the liquidpressure during the injection procedure. The pressure barrel is providedwith an open rear end 26 (in FIG. 3).

The pressure chamber is sterilized prior use and is filled with air or agas. It is preferably disposable but might also be reusable.

The inner diameter of the front-end opening is 0,1–0,6 mm, preferably inthe order of 0,15 mm.

The storage chamber 6, for storing the liquid or the liquid precursorcomponents, comprises a storage barrel 16 with at least a section ofsubstantially constant cross-section for accommodation of a first, orrear, piston 20, a second, or front, piston 22 and a third, orintermediate, piston 23 therein. A by-pass section 25 is arrangedtherein.

A liquid connection 24 is arranged between the pressure chamber and thestorage chamber allowing transfer of the liquid from the storage chamberto the pressure chamber. The liquid connection may be a conventionalby-pass section in the pressure chamber.

The chambers are assembled together by inserting the storage chamberinto the pressure chamber. A sealing 30, preferably an O-ring, isarranged between the chambers in order to achieve a fluid-tightconnection to the pressure barrel. Assembling the chambers is performedin a sterile environment, e.g. as an additional step on the productionline where the storage chamber is filled with liquid and a solidcomponent.

The different steps performed during an injection procedure will know bedescribed with references to FIGS. 4A–4D.

The different steps performed is similar to the three step proceduredescribed in connection with FIGS. 1A–1E, i.e. comprising a transferstep where the liquid is transferred from the storage chamber into thepressure chamber, a step for removing air from the pressure chamber andan injection step. In this embodiment a preparing step is added beforethe transfer step.

The storage chamber comprises two compartments separated by a sealing,intermediate, piston 23. The lower compartment 31 contains a liquid,e.g. water, adapted to solve a solid component 35, e.g. a lyophilizedpowder, in the upper compartment 33.

During the preparing step (FIGS. 4A, 4B) the first piston 20 is forced(e.g. by the pressurizing mechanism or as alternatively described above)in an upward direction and forces via the liquid in the lowercompartment 31 the third piston into the by-pass section 25. When theliquid enters the upper compartment 33 via the by-pass section itdissolves the solid component. When all liquid is transferred into theupper compartment 33 and the solid material is solved the first andthird pistons together continue upward forcing via the liquid the secondpiston 22 into the by-pass section 24 of the pressure chamber. When inthat position liquid is transferred (transfer step of the procedure)into the pressure chamber (FIG. 4C).

FIG. 4D illustrates the injector device ready for injection in that thesecond piston 22 is forced out from the by-pass section and is in afluid tight sealing against the inner surface of the distal part of thepressure chamber. The exact position of the piston within the pressurechamber when the device is ready for injection depends of the volume ofthe liquid transferred into the pressure chamber. In that positionsubstantially all air is expelled from the pressure chamber through thefront end opening 14.

In the embodiment of FIGS. 4A to 4D the internal diameter of thepressure barrel is slightly larger than the internal diameter of thestorage barrel and the second piston 22 has a larger diameter upper orfront part, adapted to the diameter of the pressure chamber, and asmaller lower or rear part, adapted to the diameter of the storagebarrel, enabling it to seal against both chambers. The smaller firstpiston 20 and third piston 23 can continue their movement into thepressure barrel while the second piston provide sealing therein.

Throughout the description of the present invention the high pressurejet generated by the device is arranged to penetrate the skin of apatient. However the basic principles of the invention is equallyapplicable when performing needle injection of liquid medicines havinghigh viscosity, e.g. gels. If e.g. a gel is to be injected today by aneedle syringe a needle having a comparatively large inner diameter mustbe used which might be very painful. In FIG. 5 a schematic illustrationof an alternative embodiment of the pressure chamber according to theinvention is shown. In this embodiment a hypodermic needle 41 isattached in connection with the front end opening of the injectordevice. The connection 43 is performed in a robust manner in order towithstand the pressure inside the pressure chamber during injection. Theneedle is preferably attached to the pressure chamber during themanufacture of the chamber, e.g. during a molding process. The injectionprocedure is the same as when performing a needle less jet injection asdescribed above. By using a pressure chamber provided with a needlehaving a similar inner diameter as the front end opening of the pressurechamber a liquid having a high viscosity can be injected using a thinnerneedle than before. This is very advantageous in that it is less painfulfor the patient.

The necessary pressure needed to perform the needle injection accordingto the alternative embodiment is inter alia dependent of the innerdiameter of the needle and the viscosity of the liquid gel.

Typical pressures in the pressure chamber are in general above 25 atm(2,5 MPa), often above 50 atm (5 MPa) or above 100 atm (10 MPa).Normally the pressures are below 1000 atm (100 MPa), often below 800 atm(80 MPa) or below 500 atm (50 MPa).

FIGS. 6A–6B show a schematic illustration of an alternative embodimentin which an assembly of pressure chamber and storage chamber is movablyarranged with respect to a housing part containing an injectionmechanism. As in the other embodiments the pressure chamber 4 and thestorage chamber 6 forms an aggregate with the storage chamber insertedcoaxial and stationary into the pressure chamber rear end. In thisembodiment the pressure chamber rear end is provided with externalscrew-threads 61. A housing 62 accommodates the mechanism 8 forpropelling the plunger 28 forwards and can for example include a springand a trigger arrangement. The housing 61 has internal screw-threadscorresponding to the external threads 61 on the pressure chamber 4. FIG.6A illustrate the device before any liquid transfer, e.g. as pre-filledand delivered to the end user. The user initiates the device by screwingtogether the pressure chamber 4 and the housing 62 while the plunger 28is idle and stationary with respect to the housing. This will cause therear piston 22 to move forwards to perform the same preparation phasesas described for the other embodiments, i.e. displacement of frontplunger into the liquid connection 24, transfer of liquid into thepressure chamber and de-aeration of the pressure chamber. The devicewill now be in the state illustrated in FIG. 6B, where the mechanism 8and plunger 28 have their initial positions, and is ready for injection.Injection may take place by triggering stored energy in the mechanism 8to move the plunger 28 forwards under expulsion of the liquid in thepressure chamber 4.

FIGS. 7A and 7B illustrate schematically a plunger arrangementmodification for the purpose of reducing the total elasticity in thesystem during the injection step. FIG. 7A is similar to that illustratedin FIG. 1, i.e. having a pressure chamber 4 and a storage chamber 6,with a liquid connection 24 in between, and front 22 and rear 20 pistonsadapted for movement in the chambers. In FIG. 7A the inner diameters ofthe pressure chamber and the storage chamber are substantially similar,meaning that the pistons have about equal radial compression when in thestorage chamber and when in the pressure chamber, which compressioncertainly shall be sufficient for sealing against the chamber innerwalls. Accordingly the pistons are supposed to fill out the inner crosssection areas of the chambers, as illustrated in the cross-sections tothe right. The upper cross-section is a cut through the pressure chamber4 barrel part 10 and the front piston 22, when the piston is fullywithin the barrel and filling out the cross-section, except possibly atplunger parts between plunger sealing ridges. Similarly the lowercross-section is a cut through the pressure chamber 4 at the liquidconnection 24 and the rear piston 20, when at this liquid connection,and the piston 20 fills out the cross-section except in the liquidconnection channels. It is clear that the pistons are in a position whenall liquid has been transferred from the storage chamber to the pressurechamber and both plungers have been mover a bit further forwards, e.g.for de-aeration and ready for injection. When a pressurising mechanismapplies force on the rear piston 20, both pistons tend to be deformedsince the front piston surface to wall friction resists movement and thedeformation can be considerable since the axial force in turn tend toexpand the pistons radially. The effect may be exacerbated by the sizeand the number of pistons, e.g. for dual chamber storage chambers asillustrated in FIG. 4. Elasticity may give rise to ringing and vibrationin the pressure profile during injection with arbitrary and lessreliable results. FIG. 7B illustrates some modifications to overcomethese problems. The storage chamber 6 inner diameter is here slightlyless than the inner diameter, at least in the front part of the storagechamber, of the pressure chamber 4, meaning that the radial pressure isreduced on any piston moving from the storage chamber to the pressurechamber. Furthermore the front piston 22 is designed to seal when in thestorage chamber but not to seal when in the pressure chamber whereas therear piston is designed so as to seal both when in the storage chamberand in the pressure chamber. This is illustrated in the cross-sectionsto the right. As in FIG. 7A the upper cross-section is a cut through thepressure chamber 4 barrel part 10 and the front piston 22, when thepiston is fully within the barrel, and it can be seen that the pistonhas been given a somewhat triangular shape so as to make point contact71 with the pressure chamber 4 interior wall and leave spaces 72allowing liquid to pass. In the lower cross-section a cut through thepressure chamber 4 and the rear piston 20 illustrates that this pistonfills out the cross-section and seals against the pressure chamberinterior wall. In the embodiment shown there is no need for a liquidconnection in the form of a by-pass cut-out in the chamber walls sincethe spaces 72 allow passage of liquid from the storage chamber to thepressure chamber once the front plunger has moved into the pressurechamber and accordingly will act as liquid connection. The eliminated orreduced friction for the front plunger will reduce the deformations inthis plunger during injection and accordingly the system overallelasticity. In particular the fact that the pressure in the pressurechamber will have access to all sides of the front piston reducesdeformation of this piston.

Other designs than the one illustrated in FIG. 7B can be used for thepurposes indicated. The minimum requirement is that the front pistonsurface to wall friction is reduced in relation to that required forfull and safe sealing in the pressure barrel, e.g. by barely contactingthe wall or having a small tolerance in between, in which case a by-passin the barrel wall again may be needed.

Preferably the design allows for the pressure to equalise around atleast the front piston axial sides, which may require larger spaces thanfor friction reduction only. Most preferably the piston may leave alarger circumferential gap to the wall, sufficient to allow the liquidto pass and accordingly act as liquid connection although it ispreferred to maintain some pressure point contact, e.g. point spacers,or axial line contact, e.g. axial or helical ridges, contact with thewall in order to avoid tumbling or inadvertent displacement towards thebarrel front, e.g. by having the non-circular cross-section shown orvice versa, i.e. having a circular piston in a non-circular barrel or abarrel with interior wall ridges. The front piston may have conventionalannular ridges although it also possible to reduce or eliminate suchridges in order to facilitate the piston non-sealing properties uponexpansion. Any contact surface is less harmful the less its axialextension and the more to the rear its location, e.g. even a trailingannular ridge or skirt would be acceptable. In contrast, a pistonintended to seal also after expansion may be given improved propertiesin this respect e.g. by being sufficiently large, deformable or rilledto fill out also the pressure barrel after expansion. Any such designadaptation need not be extreme, however, since the later applied plungerpressure will make the piston expand somewhat, giving amplified sealingcontact. However, the requirement is only that such a piston seals inthe pressure chamber. This can be obtained also without expansion inrelation to its sealing position in the storage chamber. For example, inthe embodiments with equal internal cross-sections for pressure chamberand storage chamber, the storage chamber front and/or the pressurechamber rear can have a constriction, suitable for sealing by a smallerfront piston, whereas the requirement on the rear piston is only that itshall be able to pass the constriction and then re-expand, which isfacilitated if the constriction is continuous or smooth, at least at theentrance side to the rear.

Any means or designs can be used to reach the intended reduction inpiston deformation. As mentioned the pressure chamber interiorcross-section area can be larger than the corresponding area in thestorage chamber, either with a stepwise change as illustrated or acontinuous increase, at least over a rear section of the pressurechamber barrel or a front part of the storage chamber. If the piston hasan enlarged portion outside the storage chamber, as illustrated in FIG.4, the area adaptations should be made with respect to the enlargedportion. Alternatively or in addition the to the area change a barrelcross-section area shape change can be utilised to secure that thepiston to barrel shape changes from a high fit in the storage chamber toa less fit in the pressure chamber.

To reach the objects stated the deformation reduction principlesoutlined should be applied to at least one piston but can be applied tomore than one piston, e.g. to the front and intermediate pistons in theFIG. 4 embodiment. In general it is possible to have more than onesealing piston in the pressure barrel although often sufficient to haveone sealing piston, preferably the second from front piston to reducedead volumes. To seal in a reliable and permanent way pistons arenormally made of elastically, rather than plastically, deformablematerial such as rubber. For the purposes outlined it is preferred thatthe material in the pistons additionally is deformable butnon-compressible, e.g. by avoiding gas vesicles or foamed components.Again, it might be of interest also to reduce the dead space presentbetween the common sealing ridges on the pistons or replace them byother adaptive arrangement such as a soft or compressible skin.

The present invention is not limited to the above-described preferredembodiments. Various alternatives, modifications and equivalents may beused. Therefore, the above embodiments should not be taken as limitingthe scope of the invention, which is defined by the appendant claims.

1. An injector device for delivery of liquid from a high pressuresource, the device comprising a) a pressure chamber comprising apressure barrel of substantially constant cross-section, defining apressure chamber axis, adapted for accommodation of at least one pistontherein and having a front end opening for ejection of the liquid, thepressure chamber being of sufficient strength to sustain the pressure ofliquid from a high pressure source; b) a storage chamber, for the liquidor liquid precursor components, comprising a storage barrel with atleast a section of substantially constant cross-section, defining astorage chamber axis, adapted for accommodation of at least one pistontherein, optionally with a by-pass section therein; c) a liquidconnection between the pressure chamber and the storage chamber adaptedto allow transfer of the liquid from the storage chamber to the pressurechamber; d) at least a first piston arranged for travel in the pressurebarrel; and e) a mechanism adapted to apply force, directly orindirectly, on the first piston when in the pressure barrel to createsaid liquid pressure; wherein i) the pressure chamber axis and thestorage chamber axis substantially coincide; ii) the pressure barrel andstorage barrel have internal diameters sufficiently similar to allowpassage of a resilient piston from the storage barrel to the pressurebarrel in a sealing manner, except when in the optional by-pass or theconnection, (iii) the storage chamber is separate from the pressurechamber, and (iv) the pressure chamber has a sufficient volume foraccommodation of substantially all liquid transferred from the storagechamber.
 2. Injector device according to claim 1, wherein the front endopening is adapted for formation of a liquid jet, with a short needlehaving a length of about 1 to 3 mm, or with a hypodermic needle. 3.Injector device according to claim 1, wherein the front end opening iscovered with a removable or breakable closure or sealing.
 4. Injectordevice according to claim 1, wherein said pressure barrel is providedwith an open rear end and said storage barrel is provided with an openfront end.
 5. Injector device according to claim 1, wherein the liquidconnection comprises a by-pass adapted to allow liquid passage from thestorage chamber to the pressure chamber around the first piston. 6.Injector device according to claim 1, wherein the pressure chamber andstorage chamber are made from different materials.
 7. Injector deviceaccording to claim 1, wherein a sealer is provided between the pressurechamber and the storage chamber.
 8. Injector device according to claim1, further comprising a second piston adapted for movement in thestorage chamber and to confine the storage chamber in cooperation withthe first piston.
 9. Injector device according to claim 1, wherein saidstorage chamber is a dual chamber storage chamber provided with by-passsection and wherein the injector device further comprises at least athird piston dividing the storage chamber into two subchambers. 10.Injector device according to claim 1, wherein the pressure chamber has alarger volume than the liquid volume in the storage chamber, afteroptional mixing.
 11. Injector device according to claim 1, wherein theliquid connection comprises a by-pass structure for the first piston.12. Injector device according to claim 1, wherein the first piston is arear piston.
 13. Injector device according to claim 1, wherein saidmechanism comprises a mechanical spring or pressurized gas.
 14. Injectordevice according to claim 1, wherein said mechanism is also arranged fortransfer of liquid.
 15. Injector device according to claim 1, furthercomprising a hypodermic needle attached in connection with the front endopening to be able to perform a hypodermic injection.
 16. An injectordevice for delivery of liquid from a high pressure source, the devicecomprising a) a pressure chamber comprising a pressure barrel ofsubstantially constant cross-section, defining a pressure chamber axis,adapted for accommodation of at least one piston therein and having afront end opening for ejection of the liquid, the pressure chamber beingof sufficient strength to sustain the pressure of liquid from a highpressure source; b) a storage chamber, for the liquid or liquidprecursor components, comprising a storage barrel with at least asection of substantially constant cross-section, defining a storagechamber axis adapted for accommodation of at least one piston therein,optionally with a by-pass section therein; c) a liquid connectionbetween the pressure chamber and the storage chamber adapted to allowtransfer of the liquid from the storage chamber to the pressure chamber;d) at least a front piston and a rear piston arranged for travel in thepressure barrel and storage barrel; and e) a mechanism arranged to applyforce, directly or indirectly, on the front piston and the rear pistonwhen in the pressure barrel to create said liquid pressure; wherein i)the pressure chamber axis and the storage chamber axis substantiallycoincide to form a chamber aggregate, ii) the mechanism comprises aplunger arranged axially movable in at least the forward direction withrespect to a device part, forming a reference point for the movement,(iii) the chamber aggregate is connected to be axially movable in atleast the rearward direction with respect to the reference point, (iv)the relative positions of the plunger and the chamber aggregate withrespect to the reference points allow the chamber aggregate to performthe rearward movement with the plunger and rear piston in contact whilethe plunger is kept stationary and allow the plunger to perform theforward movement in contact with the rear plunger while the chamberaggregate is kept stationary, and (v) the pressure chamber has asufficient volume for accommodation of substantially all liquidtransferred from the storage chamber.
 17. Injector device according toclaim 16, wherein the relative positions are arranged to allow, duringthe chamber aggregate rearward movement, at least the transfer of liquidfrom the storage chamber to the pressure chamber, and optionally ade-aeration of the pressure chamber, and allow, during the plungerforward movement, ejection of liquid from the pressure chamber. 18.Injector device according to claim 16, wherein the rearward movement ofthe chamber aggregate is adapted for manual actuation.
 19. Injectordevice according to claim 16, wherein the forward movement of theplunger is adapted for triggered release of stored energy.
 20. Injectordevice according to claim 16, further comprising a hypodermic needleattached in connection with the front end opening to be able to performa hypodermic injection.